In the dynamic landscape of technology, embedded systems play a pivotal role, driving innovation and functionality across various industries. Let's delve into the world of embedded systems, exploring their meaning, applications, and significance in the realm of IoT.

Understanding Embedded Systems: A Primer

Deciphering Embedded Systems

An embedded system refers to a specialized computer system designed to perform specific functions within larger mechanical or electrical systems. These systems are intricately woven into the fabric of everyday devices, seamlessly executing tasks with precision and efficiency.

Exploring Embedded System Examples

Embedded systems are ubiquitous, found in a myriad of devices ranging from household appliances like washing machines and air conditioners to sophisticated industrial machinery, medical equipment, and automotive systems. Some common embedded system examples include:

• Washing machines

• ATM machines

• Mobile phones

• Automotive control systems

• Medical devices

• Industrial automation equipment

Evolution of Embedded Systems: From Apollo to the Present Day

The Birth of Embedded Computing

The journey of embedded systems traces back to 1969, with the creation of the Apollo guidance computer at MIT laboratory. Since then, embedded systems have witnessed remarkable evolution, permeating diverse sectors and revolutionizing technological landscapes.

Modern Embedded Systems

Today, modern embedded systems are predominantly based on microcontrollers, boasting integrated memory and peripheral interfaces. These systems consume low power, exhibit compact form factors, and offer cost-effective solutions for a wide array of applications.

Applications and Classification of Embedded Systems

Diverse Applications of Embedded Systems

Embedded systems find application across numerous domains, including automotive, healthcare, telecommunications, consumer electronics, and industrial automation. Their versatility and adaptability make them indispensable components of modern-day technology.

Classification of Embedded Systems

Embedded systems can be classified into four categories based on functionality and performance:

• Real-time embedded system: Designed to execute tasks within specific time constraints.

• Standalone embedded system: Operates independently without external connectivity.

• Networked embedded system: Interconnected with other devices or systems via networks.

• Mobile embedded system: Integrated into mobile devices, offering portability and connectivity.

Summary

An embedded system is a computer system that has a dedicated purpose within a larger mechanical or electrical system. Modern embedded systems are often based on micro controllers (i.e. microprocessors with integrated memory and peripheral interfaces). 98% of microprocessors are made for embedded systems. Embedded systems can be found in most devices like washing machine, ATM machine, AC, mobiles, toys etc.  Embedded systems consume low power to run micro controller. They are also of small size compared to other systems; they also have a low-cost per unit.

First embedded computer systems were made in 1969 at MIT laboratory and was named Apollo guidance computer. Today, embedded systems are used in automobiles, industrial areas, medical science, cooking, commercial areas and in the military. Embedded systems are also used in telecommunication sector including mobiles, routers, and switches. Other applications of embedded systems are video games consoles, mp3 players, printers, GPS receivers, dishwashers, thermostats, Anti-lock banking system, medical imaging etc. Embedded systems can be classified in to four categories based on their functionality and performance: Real-time embedded system, standalone embedded system, networked embedded system, mobile embedded system.

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