Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) is a duplex communication technique in which connected parties transmit at different frequencies for upstream and downstream communication.

3G stands for third generation network, it is the third generation of wireless mobile telecommunications technology which uses a network of phone towers to pass signals.

Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) is a wireless telecommunication standard described by the European telecommunication standards Institute (ETSI) for cellular services.

General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a 2.5G packet-based technology designed to support packet switching traffic in a global system for mobile communication (GSM) network.

In cellular networks, base stations have a limited reach, to achieve connectivity between mobile devices – which are mostly on the move – handover is necessary.

The internet protocol is the key communication protocol in the internet protocol suit. It is responsible for relaying datagrams or packets across networks.

2G network is a 2nd Generation system for mobile communications. 2G systems provided voice and a limited data capacity of 9.6 to 14.4 Kbps.

An International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) number is a 15 or 17 digit long unique number generated by an international organization that oversees network operators, the Groupe Speciale Mobile Association (GSMA).

International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) is a unique 15-digit number that identifies every user in a Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) and Universal Mobile Telecommunication system (UMTS) network.

Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is a standard in wireless communication developed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) for mobile devices and data terminals.

The area in which a cellular radio network covers is usually referred to as a location area.

Mobile Station Integrated Services Digital Network (MSISDN) is the telephone number structured according to the ITU-T Recommendation E.164 numbering plan that is assigned to a mobile user.

The Mobile Subscriber Identification Number (MSIN) is a unique serial number to identify mobile subscribers within a mobile carrier network.

A Mobile Switching Center (MSC) is a core part of the GSM/CDMA network system. It acts as a control center of a Network Switching Subsystem (NSS).

Mobile Network Code (MNC) is a unique two- or three-digit number used to identify a home Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) to.

Mobile Country Code (MCC) is defined by ITU-T as standard E.212. MCC is a mobile code consisting of three digits used to identify GSM networks.

A network address is a unique physical or logical address that distinguishes a network node or device over a computer or telecommunications network.

Packet switching is a method of data transmission whereby the data is divided in packets. Each packet is given a header containing information of the destination.

A packet is a bit of data that is packaged for transmission over a packet switched network. It is a small amount of data sent over a network, such as a LAN or the Internet.

Circuit switching is a network technology implemented in telecommunications network.